INTRODUCTION TO FIREWALL

A basic Introduction to Firewalls

Introduction to firewalls 

When you use internet in your college/school/ office, you may not be able to access some websites.

So do you know how they block those websites? They use firewalls for blocking the websites.

Firewall prevent the system from hackers attack. It also prevents you from various viruses. You can that it saves your Cyber life but just to some extent as there is nothing absolute.

So lets see what actually is this firewall!!!

*** The first question arises in our mind is What is Firewall? 

--->Firewall is working like a security guard standing outside the office. Usually, What the security guard do? He will allow those who has identity card and block those who has not the identity card.

Likewise, The firewall will block unauthorized access to the system. Firewall may be a software or hardware. It will work based on the set of rules defined by the administrator. Using Firewall administrator can block certain website from being accessed. All traffic from inside and outside of the network must pass through the firewall. Only authorized traffic will be allowed to pass (based on the set of rules).

***Second question which you must be thinking is what are the Types of Firewalls?

--->So here is a basic classification of types of firewall

 (i) Packet Filtering 

 (ii) Appliction level gateway

 (iii) Circuit level gate way 

(i) Packet Filtering (Network Layer):

A packet filtering router applies a set of rules to each incoming IP packet and then forwards or discards the packets. Router is configured such that it can filter incoming and outgoing packets. The packets will filtered based on the source and destination IP address. IP spoofing attack is possible in this packet filtering. IP spoofing can be achieved by changing the source IP address of packets. Stateful Inspection Firewalls. 

A stateful inspection packet filters tightens the rules of TCP traffic by creating a state table of out bound TCP connection. If the packet matches with existing connection based on the state table, it will be allowed. If it does not match, It will be evaluated according to the rule set for new connections. 

(ii) Applictaion Level Gateway:

Application level gateway is also known as proxy server. The user communicate with the gateway using application layer of TCP/IP stack. The gateway asks the user for the name of the remote host to be connected. When the user enters valid user ID, gateway will give access to the remote application. This will block the malicious activity and correct the application behavior. This will ensure the safety of company. More secure than packet filtering. Easy to log and audit all incoming traffic at the application level. Application-level filtering may include protection against spam and viruses as well, and be able to block undesirable Web sites based on content rather than just their IP address 

(iii) Circuit Level Gateway:

The circuit level gateway works at session layer of OSI model. Monitor TCP handshaking between packets to make sure a session is legitimate. Traffic is filtered based on the session rules. Circuit-level firewalls hide the network itself from the outside, which is useful for denying access to intruders. But they don't filter individual packets. This firewall is used when the administrator trusts internal users.

***So, Why Firewall?

--->Firewall block unauthorized users, prohibits vulnerable services from entering or leaving the network. Protection from IP spoofing and routing attacks. Protection against Remote login, Trojan backdoors, Session hijacking, cookie stealing,etc.

*** So by now you must be hunt with a question that does it have any limitations? If yes then What are the Limitation of Firewalls?

--->The firewall cannot protect against attacks that by pass the firewall. The firewall does not protect against internal threats. The firewall cannot protect against the transfer of virus infected programs or files. It would be impossible for the firewall to scan all incoming files, emails for viruses.

Author: Unpredictable

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